Singapore is a global commerce, finance and transport hub. After early years of turbulence, and despite lacking natural resources and a hinterland, the nation developed rapidly as an Asian Tiger economy, based on external trade and its workforce. ![]() It gained independence from the UK in 1963 by federating with other former British territories to form Malaysia, but was expelled two years later over ideological differences, becoming a sovereign nation in 1965. During the Second World War, Singapore was occupied by Japan. Stamford Raffles founded colonial Singapore in 1819 as a trading post of the East India Company after the establishment of the British Raj, the islands were ceded to Britain and became part of its Straits Settlements in 1826. Since independence, extensive land reclamation has increased its total size by 23% (130 km2), and its greening policy has covered the densely populated island with tropical flora, parks and gardens. Singapore's territory consists of one main island along with 62 other islets. It lies one degree (137 km) north of the equator, at the southern tip of peninsular Malaysia, with Indonesia's Riau Islands to the south. Singapore (/ˈsɪŋɡəpɔːr/), officially the Republic of Singapore, sometimes referred to as the Lion City or the Little Red Dot, is a sovereign city-state in Southeast Asia. Covering around 40 percent of its land area, Panama's jungles are home to an abundance of tropical plants and animals – some of them to be found nowhere else on the planet. Since 2010, Panama remains the second most competitive economy in Latin America, according to the World Economic Forum's Global Competitiveness Index. In 2015 Panama ranked 60th in the world in terms of the Human Development Index. Revenue from canal tolls continues to represent a significant portion of Panama's GDP, although commerce, banking, and tourism are major and growing sectors. In 1977 an agreement was signed for the total transfer of the Canal from the United States to Panama by the end of the 20th century, which culminated on 31 December 1999. With the backing of the United States, Panama seceded from Colombia in 1903, allowing the Panama Canal to be built by the U.S. When Gran Colombia dissolved in 1831, Panama and Nueva Granada remained joined, eventually becoming the Republic of Colombia. Panama broke away from Spain in 1821 and joined a union of Nueva Granada, Ecuador, and Venezuela named the Republic of Gran Colombia. Panama was inhabited by several indigenous tribes prior to settlement by the Spanish in the 16th century. The capital and largest city is Panama City, whose metropolitan area is home to nearly half of the country's 4.1 million people. ![]() It is bordered by Costa Rica to the west, Colombia (in South America) to the southeast, the Caribbean Sea to the north and the Pacific Ocean to the south. Panama (/ˈpænəmɑː/ PAN-ə-mah Spanish: Panamá ), officially called the Republic of Panama (Spanish: República de Panamá), is a country usually considered to be entirely in North America or Central America.
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